Solar Panel Calculator

What is Solar Panel Calculator

The solar panel calculator is a tool that helps users estimate the requirements for a solar panel system based on various input parameters. It takes into account factors such as the daily energy needs of a household or business, the efficiency of the solar panels, the average peak sun hours per day in the location where the panels will be installed, and the wattage rating of the individual solar panels.

Calculating Solar Panel Needs for a Household

To calculate how many solar panels a household needs to meet its electricity demand, you first need to know the household's average daily electricity consumption, the local average sunshine hours, and the solar panel's conversion efficiency. Then, you can estimate using the following formula:

Formula for Estimation

Total Solar Panel Power (W) = Average Daily Electricity Consumption (kWh) × 1000 / Average Sunshine Hours (h) / Solar Panel Conversion Efficiency

Total Solar Panel Area (m²) = Total Solar Panel Power (W) / Power per Solar Panel (W) / Area per Solar Panel (m²)

Here's a step-by-step explanation of how to use this formula:

  1. Determine Average Daily Electricity Consumption (kWh): This is the total amount of electricity your household uses in a day.
  2. Find the Local Average Sunshine Hours (h): Look up the average number of hours per day that your location receives direct sunlight.
  3. Determine Solar Panel Conversion Efficiency: This is the percentage of sunlight that the solar panel can convert into electricity. A typical value might be around 15-20%.
  4. Calculate Total Solar Panel Power (W): Use the formula above to find out how much total power your solar panels need to produce.
  5. Calculate Total Solar Panel Area (m²): Once you know the total power, divide it by the power and area of a single solar panel to find out how many panels and how much space you need.

Keep in mind that this is a rough estimate and factors like shading, tilt angle, and panel orientation can also affect the performance of your solar panel system.

Basics of Solar Panel Electricity Generation

Photoelectric Effect

When a specific type of material (such as silicon) is illuminated by light, photons (particles of light) interact with the atoms or molecules on the material's surface, causing electrons to be energized and dissociated from the solid, forming free electrons and positive ions. These free electrons can move freely, generating an electric current.

Conversion of Sunlight

Solar panels typically consist of multiple solar cells, each made from semiconductor materials (such as silicon). When sunlight shines on these panels, the energy in the light is absorbed by the semiconductor material, causing electrons to be released from their atomic structures, forming "excited electrons." These electrons move freely within the semiconductor material, creating an electric current.

Energy Losses

During the process of converting solar light into electricity, some energy is lost. The primary sources of energy loss include reflection, transmission, and thermal losses. To minimize energy losses, solar panels often incorporate design measures such as reflective layers, anti-reflective coatings, and multi-layer structures to improve light absorption rates.

Main Components of Solar Panels and Their Functions

Solar Cell Panel

The core component of a solar panel, made from semiconductor materials, responsible for converting sunlight into electrical energy.

Controller

Regulates and manages the output voltage and current of the panel, ensuring stable system operation.

Inverter

Converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC), allowing connection to household and commercial electrical systems.

Efficiency Comparison: Single-crystalline Silicon vs. Polycrystalline Silicon

The energy conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar panels is usually between 20% and 24%, while the energy conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar panels is usually between 15% and 20%

How many kwh can 1 solar panel per square foot

About 0.396 kWh per square foot

How many kWh will 1 sq meter of solar panel produce in 1 year?

Depends on the location and the efficiency of the panel. A 20% efficient panel in Los Angeles (zip code 79821) , Azimuth is 40, Tilt is 12,the kwh is about 394KWH.